Nitric oxide
Description
Description of Nitric oxide with associated disease summary
Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a known biomarker of lung inflammation. Many lung diseases are linked to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Endogenous NO is synthesized in small amounts by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Three isoforms of NOS, encoded by separate genes, have been characterized. Inducible NOS (iNOS) or NOS2 is constitutively expressed in normal human airway epithelium, and produces nM concentration of NO at sites of inflammation.
Since initial report of NO detected in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of humans, NO has been the most widely used marker to date. An increased production of NO in inflammatory-immune processes is assumed to be a host defense mechanism of respiratory tract, but high levels of NO can also cause injury, and contribute to the pathobiology of respiratory tract diseases. This can be explained by the observation that NO is inved in different biochemical pathways, at different concentrations and at different redox status.
NO plays a crucial role in lung diseases, most notably in asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), others include alveolitis, asbestosis, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Asthmatic patients generally have higher exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)
levels compared to healthy subjects. To determine the major site of
inflammation in asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured, as
FeNO is associated with small airways function in mild asthma. The result shows
FeNO levels increased in asthma patients, even under mild and asymptomatic
conditions (Thorax.
(2005)). This is evident in both adults and children asthmatic patients (Swiss Med Wkly. (2004)).
NO levels could be measured to monitor therapy response as well. For
example, some studies have shown that eNO levels are reduced in patients
receiving steroid-treatment (Respir Res. (2005), Thorax. (2005)). In the
absence of corticosteroid treatment, or during acute exacerbation of asthma,
FeNO is further increased in EBC of patients.
In CF on the other hand, the FeNO level is
either lower than or similar to that of in healthy subjects. One study reported
that in stable CF, FeNO level is significantly lower in patients than in
control subjects. In contrast, levels of NO2 in stable CF are significantly
higher than in control subjects. Although the levels of NO2 and NO2/NO3 are
higher during CF exacerbation stages compared to in stable stage, the
difference is not significant.
Obesity is the most common predisposing factor for obstructive sleep
apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper
airway obstruction during sleep. Some studies have described the presence of
inflammation in the nose, the uvula, the soft palate, and the plasma of OSAS patients,
however, few reports have published available bronchial inflammation data in
patients with OSAS.
Disease summary
Asthma
Higher NO levels are significantly higher in asthma patients compared to healthy subjects. FeNO levels are also higher in asthma patients, even under mild and asymptomatic conditions. In patients receiving steroid treatment, NO levels are reduced. In the absence of treatment, or during exacerbation, FeNO levels further increased in EBC of patients.Asbestosis
Significantly higher levels of alveolar NO was reported in the EBC of patients with asbestosis. Interestingly, there were no differences between patients with asbestosis and healthy controls in exhaled NO concentrations measured at exhalation flow rates of 50ml/s, 100ml/s, or 200ml/s, but at the highest exhalation flow rate of 300ml/s the NO concentration tended to be higher in patients with asbestosis.Cystic Fibrosis
FeNO levels in CF patients are either lower than or similar to that of in healthy subjects. In stable CF, FeNO levels are significantly lower in patients than in control subjects. In contrast, NO2 levels in stable CF are significantly higher than in control subjects. The difference between the levels of NO2 and NO2/NO3 in patients and control subjects are not significant though.Inflammation
Significant reduction in levels of FeNO in EBC of patients after 16 weeks of omalizumab treatment.Obesity
Significantly higher NO levels in OO (obese with obstructive sleep apnea) patients than in healthy subjects. No significant difference was seen between OO and ONO (obese without obstructive sleep apnea) patients.Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Significantly higher NO levels in OO (obese with obstructive sleep apnea) patients than in healthy subjects. No significant difference was seen between OO and ONO (obese without obstructive sleep apnea) patients.Summary of extracted biomedical information
Nitric oxide is associated with abnormalities such as Asthma, Candidiasis, Primary pulmonary hypertension, Atherosclerosis and AIRWAY DISEASE. The involved biomedical functions are known as Exhalation, Inflammation, soluble NSF attachment protein activity, Apoptosis and inhibitors. The associated genes/proteins with Nitric oxide are TNF gene, IRF1 gene and MAPK3 gene. Nitric oxide is associated with Boron, NITRATE AND NITRITE, Sulfhydryl Compounds and Superoxides.Associated references with human 237
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L. Mo, J. Gai, QY. He
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Dynamics of nitroglycerin-induced exhaled nitric oxide after lung transplantation: evidence of pulmonary microvascular injury? | J. Heart Lung Transplant. | 2007 |
J. Gal, T. Kovesi, D. Royston, N. Marczin
J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2007 Dec;26(12):1300-5. PubMed:18096482 |
Longitudinal monitoring of pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease using nitrite in exhaled breath condensate. | Pediatr. Pulmonol. | 2007 |
F. Horak, A. Moeller, F. Singer, D. Straub, B. Höller, TH. Helbich, B. Schneider, I. Eichler, JH. Wildhaber, GL. Hall
Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2007 Dec;42(12):1198-206. PubMed:17968999 |
Bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum and exhaled clinically relevant inflammatory markers: values in healthy adults. | Eur. Respir. J. | 2007 |
B. Balbi, P. Pignatti, M. Corradi, P. Baiardi, L. Bianchi, G. Brunetti, A. Radaeli, G. Moscato, A. Mutti, A. Spanevello, M. Malerba
Eur. Respir. J. 2007 Oct;30(4):769-81. PubMed:17906085 |
Exhaled breath biomarkers in asthmatic children. | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | 2007 |
M. Corradi, C. Zinelli, C. Caffarelli
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2007 Sep;6(3):150-9. PubMed:17897051 |
The role of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis, management and treatment of asthma. | Mini Rev Med Chem | 2007 |
S. Turner
Mini Rev Med Chem 2007 May;7(5):539-42. PubMed:17504190 |
The use of exhaled nitric oxide to guide asthma management: a randomized controlled trial. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2007 |
DE. Shaw, MA. Berry, M. Thomas, RH. Green, CE. Brightling, AJ. Wardlaw, ID. Pavord
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007 Aug;176(3):231-7. PubMed:17496226 |
Reference ranges for exhaled nitric oxide derived from a random community survey of adults. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2007 |
J. Travers, S. Marsh, S. Aldington, M. Williams, P. Shirtcliffe, A. Pritchard, M. Weatherall, R. Beasley
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007 Aug;176(3):238-42. PubMed:17478616 |
Detection of nitric oxide in exhaled human breath: exercise and resting determinations. | Med. Sci. Monit. | 2007 |
KJ. Mantione, T. Esch, GB. Stefano
Med. Sci. Monit. 2007 Mar;13(3):MT1-5. PubMed:17325642 |
Metabolomics applied to exhaled breath condensate in childhood asthma. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2007 |
S. Carraro, S. Rezzi, F. Reniero, K. Héberger, G. Giordano, S. Zanconato, C. Guillou, E. Baraldi
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007 May;175(10):986-90. PubMed:17303796 |
Bias and confounding in longitudinal measures of exhaled monoxides. | J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol | 2007 |
S. Dorevitch, H. Demirtas, PA. Scheff, VW. Persky
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2007 Sep;17(6):583-90. PubMed:17290230 |
Respiratory heat and moisture loss is associated with eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. | Eur. Respir. J. | 2007 |
DD. Noble, JB. McCafferty, AP. Greening, JA. Innes
Eur. Respir. J. 2007 Apr;29(4):676-81. PubMed:17135230 |
Airway nitric oxide release is reduced after PBS inhalation in asthma. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 2007 |
HW. Shin, DA. Shelley, EM. Henderson, A. Fitzpatrick, B. Gaston, SC. George
J. Appl. Physiol. 2007 Mar;102(3):1028-33. PubMed:17110506 |
Is the "instant flow" option on the NIOX analyser needed? | Med Eng Phys | 2007 |
G. Malik, SW. Turner
Med Eng Phys 2007 Jan;29(1):72-5. PubMed:16531093 |
Exhaled biomarkers. | Chest | 2006 |
SA. Kharitonov, PJ. Barnes
Chest 2006 Nov;130(5):1541-6. PubMed:17099035 |
Exhaled NO and breath condensate. | Paediatr Respir Rev | 2006 |
E. Baraldi, S. Carraro
Paediatr Respir Rev 2006 ;7 Suppl 1:S20-2. PubMed:16798565 |
Longitudinal monitoring of lung injury in children after acute chlorine exposure in a swimming pool. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2006 |
G. Bonetto, M. Corradi, S. Carraro, S. Zanconato, R. Alinovi, G. Folesani, L. Da Dalt, A. Mutti, E. Baraldi
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006 Sep;174(5):545-9. PubMed:16763216 |
Noninvasive monitoring of airway inflammation and steroid reduction in children with asthma. | Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | 2006 |
A. Zacharasiewicz, EM. Erin, A. Bush
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 Jun;6(3):155-60. PubMed:16670506 |
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration is increased in asbestosis and pleural plaques. | Respirology | 2006 |
A. Sandrini, AR. Johnson, PS. Thomas, DH. Yates
Respirology 2006 May;11(3):325-9. PubMed:16635093 |
Markers of lung disease in exhaled breath: nitric oxide. | Biol Res Nurs | 2006 |
J. Choi, LA. Hoffman, GW. Rodway, JM. Sethi
Biol Res Nurs 2006 Apr;7(4):241-55. PubMed:16581895 |
ATS Workshop Proceedings: Exhaled nitric oxide and nitric oxide oxidative metabolism in exhaled breath condensate: Executive summary. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2006 |
.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006 Apr;173(7):811-3. PubMed:16556701 |
Modulation of nitric oxide pathways: therapeutic potential in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | 2006 |
AE. Redington
Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;533(1-3):263-76. PubMed:16466650 |
Variability of nitric oxide metabolites in exhaled breath condensate. | Respir Med | 2006 |
P. Franklin, A. Moeller, GL. Hall, F. Horak, H. Patterson, SM. Stick
Respir Med 2006 Jan;100(1):123-9. PubMed:15885998 |
Exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and short-term PM2.5 exposure in Seattle. | Environ. Health Perspect. | 2005 |
TF. Mar, K. Jansen, K. Shepherd, T. Lumley, TV. Larson, JQ. Koenig
Environ. Health Perspect. 2005 Dec;113(12):1791-4. PubMed:16330366 |
The biology of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury: a tale of dynamism of NO production and consumption. | Vascul. Pharmacol. | 2005 |
N. Marczin
Vascul. Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;43(6):415-24. PubMed:16290246 |
Exhaled breath condensate as a method of sampling airway nitric oxide and other markers of inflammation. | Med. Sci. Monit. | 2005 |
J. Liu, PS. Thomas
Med. Sci. Monit. 2005 Aug;11(8):MT53-62. PubMed:16049390 |
Short and long-term effects of cigarette smoking independently influence exhaled nitric oxide concentration in asthma. | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | 2005 |
CP. McSharry, IC. McKay, R. Chaudhuri, E. Livingston, I. Fraser, NC. Thomson
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005 Jul;116(1):88-93. PubMed:15990779 |
Analysis of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate from asthmatic children. | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | 2005 |
TF. Leung, GW. Wong, FW. Ko, CY. Li, E. Yung, CW. Lam, TF. Fok
Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 2005 May;137(1):66-72. PubMed:15832052 |
Korea red ginseng water extract increases nitric oxide concentrations in exhaled breath. | Nitric Oxide | 2005 |
K. Han, IC. Shin, KJ. Choi, YP. Yun, JT. Hong, KW. Oh
Nitric Oxide 2005 May;12(3):159-62. PubMed:15797844 |
Does consumption of ethanol distort measurements of exhaled nitric oxide? | Respir Med | 2005 |
AW. Jones, M. Fransson, E. Maldonado-Holmertz
Respir Med 2005 Feb;99(2):196-9. PubMed:15715186 |
Clinical use of noninvasive measurements of airway inflammation in steroid reduction in children. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2005 |
A. Zacharasiewicz, N. Wilson, C. Lex, EM. Erin, AM. Li, T. Hansel, M. Khan, A. Bush
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005 May;171(10):1077-82. PubMed:15709050 |
Exhaled breath measures of inflammation: are they useful in neonatal chronic lung disease? | Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. | 2005 |
CM. Harrison, CC. Andersen
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Jan;90(1):F6-10. PubMed:15613578 |
Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activity is the major determinant of nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath. | Thorax | 2004 |
C. Lane, D. Knight, S. Burgess, P. Franklin, F. Horak, J. Legg, A. Moeller, S. Stick
Thorax 2004 Sep;59(9):757-60. PubMed:15333851 |
[Non-invasive methods for monitoring airway inflammation: a comparison of expenditures, gain and clinical value]. | Pneumologie | 2004 |
O. Holz, RA. Jörres
Pneumologie 2004 Jul;58(7):510-5. PubMed:15257474 |
Childhood asthma: exhaled markers of airway inflammation, asthma control score, and lung function tests. | Pediatr. Pulmonol. | 2004 |
PP. Rosias, E. Dompeling, MA. Dentener, HJ. Pennings, HJ. Hendriks, MP. Van Iersel, Q. Jöbsis
Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2004 Aug;38(2):107-14. PubMed:15211692 |
Decreased arginine bioavailability and increased serum arginase activity in asthma. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2004 |
CR. Morris, M. Poljakovic, L. Lavrisha, L. Machado, FA. Kuypers, SM. Morris
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004 Jul;170(2):148-53. PubMed:15070820 |
Plasma levels of TNF-alpha in sickle cell patients receiving hydroxyurea. | Hematology | 2004 |
F. Tavakkoli, M. Nahavandi, MQ. Wyche, E. Perlin
Hematology 2004 Feb;9(1):61-4. PubMed:14965870 |
Modeling pulmonary nitric oxide exchange. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 2004 |
SC. George, M. Hogman, S. Permutt, PE. Silkoff
J. Appl. Physiol. 2004 Mar;96(3):831-9. PubMed:14766761 |
Changes in pulmonary vascular function after acute methionine loading in normal men. | Clin. Sci. | 2004 |
C. O'Dochartaigh, H. Ong, S. Lovell, R. Donnelly, C. Hanratty, M. Riley, M. Frenneaux, I. Young, P. Nicholls
Clin. Sci. 2004 Apr;106(4):413-9. PubMed:14709159 |
Effects of expiratory pressure on nitric oxide in exhaled breath. Is exhaled nitric oxide really unaffected by pressure? | Respir Physiol Neurobiol | 2003 |
R. Kondo, M. Haniuda, T. Yamanda, E. Sato, K. Fujimoto, K. Kubo, J. Amano
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003 Dec;139(1):33-40. PubMed:14637308 |
Slower rise of exhaled breath temperature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Eur. Respir. J. | 2003 |
P. Paredi, G. Caramori, D. Cramer, S. Ward, A. Ciaccia, A. Papi, SA. Kharitonov, PJ. Barnes
Eur. Respir. J. 2003 Mar;21(3):439-43. PubMed:12661998 |
Safety and success of exhaled breath condensate collection in asthma. | Arch. Dis. Child. | 2003 |
E. Baraldi, L. Ghiro, V. Piovan, S. Carraro, F. Zacchello, S. Zanconato
Arch. Dis. Child. 2003 Apr;88(4):358-60. PubMed:12651772 |
L-arginine levels are diminished in adult acute vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis in the emergency department. | Br. J. Haematol. | 2003 |
BL. Lopez, AA. Kreshak, CR. Morris, L. Davis-Moon, SK. Ballas, XL. Ma
Br. J. Haematol. 2003 Feb;120(3):532-4. PubMed:12580975 |
Temporal association of nitric oxide levels and airflow in asthma after whole lung allergen challenge. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 2003 |
SB. Khatri, J. Hammel, MS. Kavuru, SC. Erzurum, RA. Dweik
J. Appl. Physiol. 2003 Jul;95(1):436-40; discussion 435. PubMed:12576414 |
Impact of axial diffusion on nitric oxide exchange in the lungs. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 2002 |
HW. Shin, SC. George
J. Appl. Physiol. 2002 Dec;93(6):2070-80. PubMed:12391103 |
Low levels of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 2002 |
RF. Machado, JK. Stoller, D. Laskowski, S. Zheng, JA. Lupica, RA. Dweik, SC. Erzurum
J. Appl. Physiol. 2002 Dec;93(6):2038-43. PubMed:12391056 |
Faster rise of exhaled breath temperature in asthma: a novel marker of airway inflammation? | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2002 |
P. Paredi, SA. Kharitonov, PJ. Barnes
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002 Jan;165(2):181-4. PubMed:11790651 |
High levels of nitric oxide in individuals with pulmonary hypertension receiving epoprostenol therapy. | Lung | 2001 |
M. Ozkan, RA. Dweik, D. Laskowski, AC. Arroliga, SC. Erzurum
Lung 2001 ;179(4):233-43. PubMed:11891614 |
Exhaled markers of inflammation. | Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol | 2001 |
SA. Kharitonov, PJ. Barnes
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 Jun;1(3):217-24. PubMed:11964692 |
Alterations in exhaled gas profile during allergen-induced asthmatic response. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 2001 |
SB. Khatri, M. Ozkan, K. McCarthy, D. Laskowski, J. Hammel, RA. Dweik, SC. Erzurum
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001 Nov;164(10 Pt 1):1844-8. PubMed:11734434 |
Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure and ascorbic acid supplementation on exhaled nitric oxide in healthy human subjects. | Thorax | 2001 |
DC. Chambers, JG. Ayres
Thorax 2001 Oct;56(10):774-8. PubMed:11562516 |
Role of exhaled nitric oxide in asthma. | Immunol. Cell Biol. | 2001 |
DH. Yates
Immunol. Cell Biol. 2001 Apr;79(2):178-90. PubMed:11264714 |
Noninvasive assessment of airway inflammation in children: induced sputum, exhaled nitric oxide, and breath condensate. | Eur. Respir. J. | 2000 |
PG. Gibson, RL. Henry, P. Thomas
Eur. Respir. J. 2000 Nov;16(5):1008-15. PubMed:11153569 |
Arginine therapy: a novel strategy to induce nitric oxide production in sickle cell disease. | Br. J. Haematol. | 2000 |
CR. Morris, FA. Kuypers, S. Larkin, N. Sweeters, J. Simon, EP. Vichinsky, LA. Styles
Br. J. Haematol. 2000 Nov;111(2):498-500. PubMed:11122090 |
Endogenous nitric oxide in allergic airway disease. | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | 2000 |
PE. Silkoff, RA. Robbins, B. Gaston, JO. Lundberg, RG. Townley
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000 Mar;105(3):438-48. PubMed:10719291 |
Effect of inhaled ozone on exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, and induced sputum in normal and asthmatic subjects. | Thorax | 1999 |
JA. Nightingale, DF. Rogers, PJ. Barnes
Thorax 1999 Dec;54(12):1061-9. PubMed:10567624 |
Sickle cell acute chest syndrome: pathogenesis and rationale for treatment. | Blood | 1999 |
MJ. Stuart, BN. Setty
Blood 1999 Sep;94(5):1555-60. PubMed:10477680 |
Comparison of exhaled nitric oxide to spirometry during emergency treatment of asthma exacerbations with glucocorticoids in children. | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | 1999 |
MJ. Lanz, DY. Leung, CW. White
Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999 Feb;82(2):161-4. PubMed:10071519 |
Effect of natural grass pollen exposure on exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 1999 |
E. Baraldi, S. Carrá, C. Dario, N. Azzolin, R. Ongaro, G. Marcer, F. Zacchello
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999 Jan;159(1):262-6. PubMed:9872848 |
Exhaled nitric oxide is not elevated in the inflammatory airways diseases of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. | Eur. Respir. J. | 1998 |
LP. Ho, JA. Innes, AP. Greening
Eur. Respir. J. 1998 Dec;12(6):1290-4. PubMed:9877479 |
Acute inhalation of cigarette smoke increases lower respiratory tract nitric oxide concentrations. | Thorax | 1998 |
DC. Chambers, WS. Tunnicliffe, JG. Ayres
Thorax 1998 Aug;53(8):677-9. PubMed:9828855 |
A significant proportion of exhaled nitric oxide arises in large airways in normal subjects. | Respir Physiol | 1998 |
PE. Silkoff, PA. McClean, M. Caramori, AS. Slutsky, N. Zamel
Respir Physiol 1998 Jul;113(1):33-8. PubMed:9776548 |
Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide is increased in laboratory animal allergy. | Clin. Exp. Allergy | 1998 |
LA. Adisesh, SA. Kharitonov, DH. Yates, DC. Snashell, AJ. Newman-Taylor, PJ. Barnes
Clin. Exp. Allergy 1998 Jul;28(7):876-80. PubMed:9720822 |
Cross sectional study of exhaled nitric oxide levels following lung transplantation. | Thorax | 1998 |
AJ. Fisher, E. Gabbay, T. Small, S. Doig, JH. Dark, PA. Corris
Thorax 1998 Jun;53(6):454-8. PubMed:9713443 |
A two-compartment model of pulmonary nitric oxide exchange dynamics. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 1998 |
NM. Tsoukias, SC. George
J. Appl. Physiol. 1998 Aug;85(2):653-66. PubMed:9688744 |
Single-exhalation profiles of NO and CO2 in humans: effect of dynamically changing flow rate. | J. Appl. Physiol. | 1998 |
NM. Tsoukias, Z. Tannous, AF. Wilson, SC. George
J. Appl. Physiol. 1998 Aug;85(2):642-52. PubMed:9688743 |
Measurement of endogenous nitric oxide in the lungs of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | 1998 |
SJ. Brett, TW. Evans
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998 Mar;157(3 Pt 1):993-7. PubMed:9517623 |
Nitric oxide, the biological mediator of the decade: fact or fiction? | Eur. Respir. J. | 1997 |
S. Singh, TW. Evans
Eur. Respir. J. 1997 Mar;10(3):699-707. PubMed:9073009 |
Nitric oxide is present in exhaled breath in humans: direct GC-MS confirmation. | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | 1994 |
AM. Leone, LE. Gustafsson, PL. Francis, MG. Persson, NP. Wiklund, S. Moncada
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994 Jun;201(2):883-7. PubMed:8003027 |
Endogenous nitric oxide in expired air: effects of acute exercise in humans. | Life Sci. | 1994 |
JA. Bauer, JA. Wald, S. Doran, D. Soda
Life Sci. 1994 ;55(24):1903-9. PubMed:7990650 |
Diagnostic value of a pattern of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in asthmatic children. | Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) |
I. Maloča Vuljanko, M. Turkalj, B. Nogalo, S. Bulat Lokas, D. Plavec
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017 Jan - Feb;45(1):2-10. PubMed:27592280 |
|
Evaluation of Acute Exogenous Hypoxia Impact on the Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Healthy Males. | Folia Med (Plovdiv) |
PK. Dimov, BI. Marinov, IS. Ilchev, ZZ. Taralov, SS. Kostianev
Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2015 Jul-Dec;57(3-4):230-4. PubMed:27180350 |
|
The effect of omalizumab on small airway inflammation as measured by exhaled nitric oxide in moderate-to-severe asthmatic patients. | Allergy Asthma Proc |
MA. Pasha, D. Jourd'heuil, F. Jourd'heuil, L. Mahon, F. Romero, PJ. Feustel, M. Evans, T. Smith, J. Mitchell, P. Gendapodi, KC. Demeyere-Coursey, RG. Townley
Allergy Asthma Proc 2014 May-Jun;35(3):241-9. PubMed:24801467 |
|
Cardiovascular biomarkers in exhaled breath. | Prog Cardiovasc Dis |
FS. Cikach, RA. Dweik
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2012 Jul-Aug;55(1):34-43. PubMed:22824108 |
|
Assessing clinical and spirometric control and the intensity of the inflammatory process in asthma. | J Pediatr (Rio J) |
CR. Andrade, JM. Chatkin, PA. Camargos
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2010 Mar-Apr;86(2):93-100. PubMed:20361119 |
|
Inflammation, oxidative stress and systemic effects in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol |
MP. Foschino Barbaro, GE. Carpagnano, A. Spanevello, MG. Cagnazzo, PJ. Barnes
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007 Oct-Dec;20(4):753-63. PubMed:18179748 |
|
Non-invasive assessment of airway inflammation in ship-engine workers. | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol |
M. Barreto, MP. Villa, M. Corradi, S. Barberi, G. Monaco, S. Martella, Z. Bohmerova, G. Sabatino, R. Ronchetti
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006 Jul-Sep;19(3):601-8. PubMed:17026845 |
|
The effects of age on exhaled breath nitric oxide levels. | Lung |
RR. Haight, RL. Gordon, SM. Brooks
Lung 2006 Mar-Apr;184(2):113-9. PubMed:16622781 |
|
Exhaled nitric oxide decreases upon acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. | Am. J. Hum. Biol. |
DE. Brown, CM. Beall, KP. Strohl, PS. Mills
Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2006 Mar-Apr;18(2):196-202. PubMed:16493632 |
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Patterns of arginine and nitric oxide in patients with sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome. | J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. |
CR. Morris, FA. Kuypers, S. Larkin, EP. Vichinsky, LA. Styles
J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 2000 Nov-Dec;22(6):515-20. PubMed:11132219 |
|
Exhaled nitric oxide: a novel biomarker of adverse respiratory health effects in epidemiological studies. | Arch. Environ. Health |
JG. van Amsterdam, S. Nierkens, SG. Vos, A. Opperhuizen, H. van Loveren, PA. Steerenberg
Arch. Environ. Health 2000 Nov-Dec;55(6):418-23. PubMed:11128880 |
Associated curated diseases 7
Download diseasesAssociated disease mapping
Mapping of all associated diseases to Nitric oxide is displayed in red.
Disease Name
with link to disease page |
Description of MeSH term
with link to MeSH Database |
Number of references |
---|---|---|
Asbestosis |
MeSH:
Asbestosis
A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is
characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites
to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.
Link to MeSH Database: D001195
|
4 |
Asthma |
MeSH:
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and
intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of
airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Link to MeSH Database: D001249
|
91 |
Cystic Fibrosis |
MeSH:
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE
REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the
BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by
epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY;
maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.
Year introduced: 1967
Link to MeSH Database: D003550
|
20 |
Upper And Lower Airway Inflammation In Atopic Dermatitis (Ad) |
MeSH:
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic
rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for
pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly
on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as
infantile eczema.
Link to MeSH Database: D003876
|
4 |
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
MeSH:
Kartagener Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a triad of DEXTROCARDIA; INFERTILITY; and SINUSITIS. The syndrome is caused by mutations of DYNEIN genes
encoding motility proteins which are components of sperm tails, and CILIA in the
respiratory and the reproductive tracts.
Year introduced: 2002 (1963)
Link to MeSH Database: D007619
|
2 |
Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
MeSH:
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory
pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of
systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals
occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime
tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA;
micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR
DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)
Year introduced: 2000
Link to MeSH Database: D020181
|
7 |
Obese Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome |
MeSH:
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may
vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI
greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is
considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Link to MeSH Database: D009765
|
1 |
Associated abnormalities 9
Concept Name | External ID | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Asthma | ICD9-CM:493.9 | 965.25 | 2 |
|
|
Candidiasis | ICD9-CM:112 | 730.18 | 1 |
|
|
Primary pulmonary hypertension | ICD9-CM:416.0 | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
|
Atherosclerosis | ICD9-CM:440 | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
|
AIRWAY DISEASE | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
||
Catabolic state | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
||
Septicemia | ICD9-CM:038 | 800.0 | 1 |
|
|
Airway Obstruction | 950.5 | 1 |
|
||
Nasal Polyps | ICD9-CM:471.0 | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
Associated chemicals 4
Concept Name | External ID | Definition | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Boron | CHEBI:33609 | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
||
NITRATE AND NITRITE | 845.24 | 1 |
|
|||
Sulfhydryl Compounds | 569.0 | 1 |
|
|||
Superoxides | CHEBI:18421 | 855.55 | 1 |
|
Associated functions 25
Concept Name | External ID | Definition | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Exhalation | 782.0 | 3 |
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Inflammation | 1000.0 | 3 |
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soluble NSF attachment protein activity | 481.28 | 2 |
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Apoptosis | GO:0012501 | 935.5 | 2 |
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inhibitors | 924.0 | 2 |
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Respiratory Burst | 887.0 | 1 |
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Cell Respiration | 1000.0 | 1 |
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antioxidant activity | 1000.0 | 1 |
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Anoxia | 1000.0 | 1 |
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|||
Chromosome Pairing | 590.72 | 1 |
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paracrine | 887.5 | 1 |
|
|||
DNA Binding | GO:0003677 | 923.75 | 1 |
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negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | 488.14 | 1 |
|
|||
Gene Expression | 950.5 | 1 |
|
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Signal Transduction | GO:0007165 | 950.5 | 1 |
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Alveolar ventilation function | 615.16 | 1 |
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physiological aspects | 738.1 | 1 |
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Microcirculation | 1000.0 | 1 |
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|||
arginine metabolism | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
|||
Synthesis | 950.5 | 1 |
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|||
Advisory Committees | 649.66 | 1 |
|
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Functional disorder | 733.47 | 1 |
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Transcription, Genetic | 642.45 | 1 |
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Protective Agents | 696.62 | 1 |
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Inspiration function | 625.5 | 1 |
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Associated genes 2
Concept Name | External ID | Definition | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
TNF gene | EntrezGene:7124 | 650.02 | 3 |
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IRF1 gene | EntrezGene:3659 | 777.78 | 1 |
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NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
Chemical Information
Formula | NO |
Mass | 30.006 |
Synonyms | nitric oxide Mononitrogen monoxide INOmax nitrogen monooxide nitrosyl 10102-43-9 monoxyde d'azote oxoazanyl oxyde azotique oxido nitrico Stickstoffmonoxid oxidonitrogen(.) UNII-31C4KY9ESH Nitric oxide trimer EDRF monoxido de nitrogeno Stickstoff(II)-oxid Nitric oxide (JAN) INOmax (TN) oxido de nitrogeno(II) |
PubChem CID | 145068 |