Chromium
Description
Description of Chromium with associated disease summary
Chromium (Cr) in the trivalent oxidation
state [Cr(III)] shows limited toxicological properties, whereas Cr(VI) is
classified as class 1 carcinogens by the IARC (IARC 1990).
Cr(VI) compounds have a number of
industrial applications; exposure usually occurs by inhalation.
Cr has recently been proposed as a viable
biomarker of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). One study measured Cr levels in
the EBC of patients with early, operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),
who had not been occupationally exposed to Cr before and after tumor resection.
The pre-surgery Cr levels in the EBC of NSCLC patients were not different from
those of the controls. Cr levels
in the EBC and urine of NSCLC patients were not significantly different from
those of non-smoking controls ( Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. (2008) ).
According to epidemiological data,
environmental and occupational agents play a critical role in the development
of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), such as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
(IIPs), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and sarcoidosis. A study
investigated the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of 33 healthy subjects, 22
patients with sarcoidosis, 15 patients with NSIP and 19 with IIPs to determine
the role of chromium (Cr) in the pathogenesis of ILDs.
Cr traces were measured by inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The EBC levels of pneumotoxic Cr metal
were higher in all patient groups (IPF, NSIP, sarcoidosis) compared to
controls.
Assessing the elemental composition of EBC
in ILD patients seems to provide useful information, although further studies
are required to confirm the robustness of this approach, and to better
understand the underlying pathophysiological processes of ILDs (
J Breath Res.
(2009) ).
Description of disease(s) related to chromium(Cr):
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
The pre-surgery Cr levels in the EBC of NSCLC patients were not different from those of the controls . Cr levels in the EBC and urine of NSCLC patients were not significantly different from those of non-smoking controls ( Int Arch Occup Environ Health. (2008) ).Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
The EBC levels of pneumotoxic Cr metal were higher in all patient groups (IPF, NSIP, sarcoidosis) compared to controls (J Breath Res. (2009)).Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
The EBC levels of pneumotoxic Cr metal were higher in all patient groups (IPF, NSIP, sarcoidosis) compared to controls (J Breath Res. (2009)).Disease summary
Sarcoidosis
The EBC levels of pneumotoxic Cr metal were higher in all patient groups (IPF, NSIP, sarcoidosis) compared to controls (J Breath Res. (2009)).Summary of extracted biomedical information
Chromium is associated with abnormalities such as Dermo-. The involved biomedical functions are known as Oxidation, catalyst, Adjudication, Excretory function and Ingestion. Chromium is associated with Zeolites, Metals, Toluene, Chromium Compounds and Hydrogen, Homeopathic preparation.Associated references with human 16
Download references
Reference title
with link to reference page |
Journal | Year | Authors & PubMed Link |
---|---|---|---|
The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls. | Int J Hyg Environ Health | 2017 |
E. Leese, J. Morton, PHE. Gardiner, VA. Carolan
Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017 04;220(2 Pt B):415-423. PubMed:27956251 |
Assessment of nanoparticles and metal exposure of airport workers using exhaled breath condensate. | J Breath Res | 2016 |
C. Marie-Desvergne, M. Dubosson, L. Touri, E. Zimmermann, M. Gaude-Môme, L. Leclerc, C. Durand, M. Klerlein, N. Molinari, I. Vachier, P. Chanez, VC. Mossuz
J Breath Res 2016 07;10(3):036006. PubMed:27409350 |
An outbreak of occupational asthma due to chromium and cobalt. | Occup Med (Lond) | 2012 |
GI. Walters, VC. Moore, AS. Robertson, CB. Burge, AD. Vellore, PS. Burge
Occup Med (Lond) 2012 Oct;62(7):533-40. PubMed:22826555 |
Chromium in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), erythrocytes, plasma and urine in the biomonitoring of chrome-plating workers exposed to soluble Cr(VI). | J Environ Monit | 2010 |
M. Goldoni, A. Caglieri, G. De Palma, O. Acampa, P. Gergelova, M. Corradi, P. Apostoli, A. Mutti
J Environ Monit 2010 Feb;12(2):442-7. PubMed:20145884 |
Hexavalent chromium exposure and control in welding tasks. | J Occup Environ Hyg | 2010 |
JD. Meeker, P. Susi, MR. Flynn
J Occup Environ Hyg 2010 Nov;7(11):607-15. PubMed:20845207 |
Respiration-induced kidney motion on cobalt-chromium stent fatigue resistance. | J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. | 2009 |
HM. Hsiao, A. Nikanorov, S. Prabhu, MK. Razavi
J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2009 Nov;91(2):508-16. PubMed:19507142 |
Hexavalent chromium exposures and exposure-control technologies in American enterprise: results of a NIOSH field research study. | J Occup Environ Hyg | 2007 |
LM. Blade, MS. Yencken, ME. Wallace, JD. Catalano, A. Khan, JL. Topmiller, SA. Shulman, A. Martinez, KG. Crouch, JS. Bennett
J Occup Environ Hyg 2007 Aug;4(8):596-618. PubMed:17577750 |
Exposure to lead, cadmium and chromium among spray painters in automobile body repair shops. | J Occup Health | 2005 |
B. Vitayavirasuk, S. Junhom, P. Tantisaeranee
J Occup Health 2005 Nov;47(6):518-22. PubMed:16369115 |
Dermal exposure to chromium in electroplating. | Ann Occup Hyg | 2004 |
M. Mäkinen, M. Linnainmaa
Ann Occup Hyg 2004 Apr;48(3):277-83. PubMed:15059804 |
Respiratory health effects of long-term exposure to different chromium species in stainless steel production. | Occup Med (Lond) | 2002 |
M. Huvinen, J. Uitti, P. Oksa, P. Palmroos, P. Laippala
Occup Med (Lond) 2002 Jun;52(4):203-12. PubMed:12091586 |
Laboratory measurement of hazardous fumes and gases at a point corresponding to breathing zone of welder during a CO2 arc welding. | Ind Health | 2000 |
H. Saito, J. Ojima, M. Takaya, T. Iwasaki, N. Hisanaga, S. Tanaka, H. Arito
Ind Health 2000 Jan;38(1):69-78. PubMed:10680313 |
Occupational asthma due to chromium. | Respiration | 1998 |
C. Leroyer, JD. Dewitte, A. Bassanets, M. Boutoux, C. Daniel, J. Clavier
Respiration 1998 ;65(5):403-5. PubMed:9782225 |
Maintenance of stellite and tungsten carbide saw tips: respiratory health and exposure-response evaluations. | Occup Environ Med | 1995 |
SM. Kennedy, M. Chan-Yeung, S. Marion, J. Lea, K. Teschke
Occup Environ Med 1995 Mar;52(3):185-91. PubMed:7735392 |
A retrospective-cohort study of occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. | Am. J. Ind. Med. | 1994 |
H. Pastides, R. Austin, S. Lemeshow, J. Klar, KA. Mundt
Am. J. Ind. Med. 1994 May;25(5):663-75. PubMed:8030637 |
The National Exposure Registry: procedures for establishing a registry of persons environmentally exposed to hazardous substances. | Toxicol Ind Health |
JR. Burg, GL. Gist
Toxicol Ind Health 1995 Mar-Apr;11(2):231-48. PubMed:7491637 |
|
Lead, chromium, and cadmium exposure during abrasive blasting. | Arch. Environ. Health |
LM. Conroy, RM. Menezes-Lindsay, PM. Sullivan, S. Cali, L. Forst
Arch. Environ. Health 1996 Mar-Apr;51(2):95-9. PubMed:8638970 |
Associated curated diseases 5
Download diseasesAssociated disease mapping
Mapping of all associated diseases to Chromium is displayed in red.
Disease Name
with link to disease page |
Description of MeSH term
with link to MeSH Database |
Number of references |
---|---|---|
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Neoplasms |
MeSH:
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Link to MeSH Database: D008175
|
4 |
Sarcoidosis |
MeSH:
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually
invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver,
spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.
Year introduced: PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS use SARCOIDOSIS 1963-1992
Link to MeSH Database: D012507
|
4 |
Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia |
MeSH:
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the
interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung
diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and
radiological-pathological features.
Year introduced: 1994
Link to MeSH Database: D017563
|
1 |
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis |
MeSH:
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of
breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive
DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy
collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic
honeycomb change.
Year introduced: 2009
Link to MeSH Database: D054990
|
3 |
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, Carcinoma |
MeSH:
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL
CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment
strategy.
Year introduced: 1994
Link to MeSH Database: D002289
|
2 |
Associated abnormalities 1
Concept Name | External ID | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Dermo- | 1000.0 | 1 |
|
Associated chemicals 9
Concept Name | External ID | Definition | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Zeolites | 891.63 | 3 |
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Toluene | CHEBI:17578 | 1000.0 | 2 |
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Chromium Compounds | 976.5 | 2 |
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Hydrogen, Homeopathic preparation | 621.21 | 1 |
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Transition Elements | 938.87 | 1 |
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Germanium | CHEBI:30441 | 1000.0 | 1 |
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Aluminum | CHEBI:28984 | 1000.0 | 1 |
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Tungsten | 1000.0 | 1 |
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Chromates | 944.22 | 1 |
|
Associated functions 12
Associated genes 0
No associated genes are detected in current reference collection.
There are 16 associated references with Chromium. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated genes are detected in our text-mining workflow, we cannot extract any gene terms from the associated reference collection.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
Chemical Information
Formula | Cr |
Mass | 51.996 |
Synonyms | CHROMIUM 7440-47-3 Chrome Chrom cromo Chrome [French] Chromium compounds Chrom [German] Chromium, elemental Chromium, metal (49cr)chromium (51cr)chromium CCRIS 159 UNII-0R0008Q3JB HSDB 910 EINECS 231-157-5 Chromic acid and chromates 24Cr CHEBI:28073 Chromium, metal and insol. salts |
PubChem CID | 23976 |