3-Nitrotyrosine

In bronchial biopsies, a strong immunoreactivity has been demonstrated for nitrotyrosine in the airway epithelium, lung parenchyma, and inflammatory cells of asthmatic patients. Nitrotyrosine is detectable in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of both healthy subjects and asthmatic patients ( Allergy. (2006)). Nitration of tyrosine residues seems to inactivate numerous enzymes and prevent kinase substrate phosphorylation, giving rise to nitrosative stress, and play a role in the pathobiology of inflammatory diseases. One study reported a significant increase in nitrotyrosine levels in EBC of patients with stable cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to normal subjects. The elevation in nitrotyrosine reflects the increase oxidative stress in the airways of CF patients ( Eur Respir J. (2001) ). Another study reported high levels of nitrotyrosine in individuals with COPD, particularly in retired elderly miners ( Saf Health Work. (2014) ). A third study reported an increase in nitrotyrosine levels in the EBC of adult patients with mild asthma ( Allergy. (2006)). Although the significant increase in nitrotyrosine levels was confirmed in the EBC of patients with mild asthma in another study, the levels of nitrotyrosine in EBC of patients with moderate/severe asthma were lower. This suggests that there may be a correlation between nitrotyrosine and additional factors ( Am J Respir Crit Care Med. (2000) ). Of interest, normalizing nitrotyrosine to tyrosine may be helpful as an internal reference, for reducing variabilities in analyzing EBC samples ( Allergy. (2006)). According to studies, there was no significant difference in nitrotyrosine levels between the steroid-naive and steroid treated groups ( Eur Respir J. (2001) ). Description of disease(s) related to Nitrotyrosine:

Asthma

Nitrotyrosine is detectable in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of both healthy subjects and asthmatic patients ( Allergy. (2006) ). Although the significant increase in nitrotyrosine levels was confirmed in the EBC of patients with mild asthma in another study, the levels of nitrotyrosine in EBC of patients with moderate/severe asthma were lower. This suggests that there may be a correlation between nitrotyrosine and additional factors ( Am J Respir Crit Care Med. (2000) ).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

One study reported high levels of nitrotyrosine in individuals with COPD, particularly in retired elderly miners ( Saf Health Work. (2014) ).

Cystic Fibrosis

One study reported a significant increase in nitrotyrosine levels in EBC of patients with stable cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to normal subjects. The elevation in nitrotyrosine reflects the increase oxidative stress in the airways of CF patients ( Eur Respir J. (2001) ).

Summary of extracted biomedical information

3-nitrotyrosine is associated with abnormalities such as Lung diseases. The involved biomedical functions are known as Exhalation, Synthesis, Inflammation Process, Adjudication and nitration. 3-nitrotyrosine is associated with Nitrogen Oxides, Protons and Nitrate.