Adenosine triphosphate

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites in airway surface liquid are important agonists for purinergic signaling pathways. They regulate airway defense mechanisms, including mucociliary clearance, airway inflammation and smooth muscle reactivity. ATP in exhaled breath condensate has been studied among middle-aged COPD patients, adult asthma patients and children with cystic fibrosis to aid diagnosis and disease follow-ups. EBC ATP levels were reported to be increased in CF patients relative to healthy controls, and they decreased after treatment. The improvement of lung function after antibiotic treatment was associated with a three-fold fall in EBC ATP levels. (Eur Respir (2008)) But no significant differences in EBC ATP levels were found either between COPD patients with severe exacerbation and healthy controls (Inflamm. Res. (2008)). Nor were there significant differences found between non-exacerbating asthma patients and their healthy counterparts (Lazar et al., Chest 2010). In these studies, EBC ATP were detected through luminometry (luciferin-luciferase assay). In a pilot study by Esther Jr. et al., analyses using etheno-derivatisation and HPLC revealed that EBC purine concentrations were below the detection threshold in most individuals. When optimal separation and detection of adenosine and AMP were achieved, ATP-specific signal was not detected in 20-fold concentrated EBC samples. In another study by Lazar et al., using HPLC was not able to detect ATP in EBC, even in 10-fold concentrated samples from COPD patients and controls. EBC may be a better source of sampling for ATP measurement in comparison to broncho-alveolar or nasal lavage fluids. It exerts negligible mechanical stress that stimulates airway ATP release; the low protein content implies low ATPase activity, while the low cellular components prevents cellular leakage. Nonetheless, salivary contamination may be confounding, since ATP level in human saliva is 105-6 Description of disease(s) related to Adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Disease summary

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

EBC ATP levels were reported to be increased in CF patients relative to healthy controls, and they decreased after treatment. The improvement of lung function after antibiotic treatment was associated with a three-fold fall in EBC ATP levels (Eur Respir (2008)).

Summary of extracted biomedical information

Adenosine triphosphate is associated with abnormalities such as Ischemia, Spastic syndrome, Septicemia and Sphincter. The involved biomedical functions are known as Signal Transduction, Phosphorylation, ATP binding, inhibitors and Oxidative Phosphorylation. The associated genes/proteins with Adenosine triphosphate are PDPK1 gene, CD28 gene, IL2 gene, Mutant Proteins and PANX1 gene. Adenosine triphosphate is associated with Succinates, Purines, Neurotransmitters, Protons and cofactor.