Acetate

Description

Description of acetate with associated disease summary

Acetate is an important compound in pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism, and beta-oxidation. NMR was used to detect and quantify acetate. In one study about smoking-related diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), the concentrations of both propionate and acetate in COPD and PLCH patients are higher than healthy smokers (J Proteome Res. (2013)). Increasing level of acetate in both COPD and PLCH patients could be linked to increase of fatty acid beta-oxidation which has been reported in A549 human alveolar epithelial carcinoma cells exposed to smoke. Moreover, the increased acetate can also be linked to cholesterol for cholesterol is formed with acetate units. Furthermore, the increase of acetate can be linked to anti-inflammatory action. The short-chain fatty acid including propionate and butyrate which can be oxidize can regulate the immune system reaction such as the production of cytokines and chemokines towards inflammation process of COPD and Langerhans cells recruitment. The butyrate beta-oxidation which generates acetate is reported to increase in smoke-exposed A549 cells, supporting the fact that acetate increase for anti-inflammatory action in COPD and PLCH. (J Proteome Res. (2013)). The difference of acetate concentration is also observed between cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy control using NMR (Thorax. (2012)). Unlike COPD and PLCH patients, acetate concentration in CF patients is lower than the healthy control. In contrast, the ethanol concentrations increased in CF patients. The increase of ethanol and the decrease of acetate may be related to the reduced ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to oxidize ethanol to acetate. Description of disease(s) related to acetate:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

The concentration of EBC acetate is increased in COPD patients (J Proteome Res. (2013)). It could be linked to the increase of fatty acid beta-oxidation, increase of cholesterol and anti-inflammation reaction (J Proteome Res. (2013)).

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH)

The concentration of EBC acetate is increased in PLCH patients (J Proteome Res. (2013)). It could be linked to the increase of fatty acid beta-oxidation, increase of cholesterol and anti-inflammation reaction (J Proteome Res. (2013)).

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

The concentration of EBC acetate is decreased in CF patients (Thorax. (2012)). The decrease of acetate may be related to the reduced ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to oxidize ethanol to acetate.

Summary of extracted biomedical information

No extracted biomedical infomation is detected in current reference collection for lack of full text of associated references or no biomedical terms are detected with acetate in the same sentence by our text-mining approach.

Associated references with human 2

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Reference title with link to reference page	Journal	Year	Authors & PubMed Link
Separating smoking-related diseases using NMR-based metabolomics of exhaled breath condensate.	J. Proteome Res.	2013	G. de Laurentiis, D. Paris, D. Melck, P. Montuschi, M. Maniscalco, A. Bianco, M. Sofia, A. Motta J. Proteome Res. 2013 Mar;12(3):1502-11. PubMed:23360153
NMR spectroscopy metabolomic profiling of exhaled breath condensate in patients with stable and unstable cystic fibrosis.	Thorax.	2012	P. Montuschi, D. Paris, D. Melck, V. Lucidi, G. Ciabattoni, V. Raia, C. Calabrese, A. Bush, PJ. Barnes, A. Motta Thorax. 2012 Mar;67(3):222-8. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200072. Epub 2011 Nov 21. PubMed:22106016

Associated curated diseases 3

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Associated disease mapping

Mapping of all associated diseases to acetate is displayed in red.

Disease Name with link to disease page	Description of MeSH term with link to MeSH Database	Number of references
Cystic Fibrosis	MeSH: Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. Year introduced: 1967 Link to MeSH Database: D003550	20
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis	MeSH: Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. Year introduced: 1990(1975) Link to MeSH Database: D006646	1
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)	MeSH: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. Year introduced: 2002 Link to MeSH Database: D029424	31

Associated abnormalities 0

No associated abnormalities are detected in current reference collection.

There are 2 associated references with acetate. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated abnormalities are detected in our text-mining workflow, we cannot extract any abnormality terms from the associated reference collection.

Associated chemicals 0

No associated chemicals are detected in current reference collection.

There are 2 associated references with acetate. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated chemicals are detected in our text-mining workflow, we cannot extract any chemical terms from the associated reference collection.

Associated functions 0

No associated functions are detected in current reference collection.

There are 2 associated references with acetate. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated functions are detected in our text-mining workflow, we cannot extract any function terms from the associated reference collection.

Associated genes 0

No associated genes are detected in current reference collection.

There are 2 associated references with acetate. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated genes are detected in our text-mining workflow, we cannot extract any gene terms from the associated reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

Chemical Information

Formula	C₂H₃O₂
Mass	59.044
Synonyms	acetate Acetate Ion Acetic acid, ion(1-) Acetate ions 71-50-1 ethanoate Ethanoat MeCO2 anion UNII-569DQM74SC monoacetate Acetat Natriumazetat Shotgun Vinegar Vosol Acetic (2H)acid CHEMBL1354 Azetat acetyl hydroxide Acetic acid ion
PubChem CID	175