Ammonia

Description

Description of ammonia with associated disease summary

Ammonia is an important indicator of asthma and kidney failure. The ammonia can be produced from glutamine in a reaction catalyzed by glutaminase (Int Arch Allergy Immunol. (2012), Allergy. (2005)). It is hypothesized that the production of ammonia can buffer the acid challenge and maintain the pH homeostasis in airway. Cytokines such a s interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha produced by inflammatory reaction in asthma patient can downregulate the activity of glutaminase and therefore reduce the ammonia production. The EBC ammonia concentration in asthma patient is significantly lower than the healthy control (Int Arch Allergy Immunol. (2012), Allergy. (2005)). In addition, the EBC ammonia can reflect the healthy status of kidney. Both ammonia and ammonium can penetrate the blood-lung barrier. Patients with kidney failure cannot convert urea into urine by kidneys and then the urea may be reversely converted into ammonia and ammonium therefore their EBC ammonia concentrations are higher than the healthy controls. (Eur J Clin Invest. (2008)) Description of disease(s) related to ammonia:

Asthma

Two studies using spectrophotometric method shows that the EBC ammonia concentrations in asthma patients are lower than the healthy controls (Int Arch Allergy Immunol. (2012), Allergy. (2005))

Chronic Kidney Failure

One study using spectrophotometric method shows that the EBC ammonia concentrations in kidney failure patients are higher than the healthy controls (Eur J Clin Invest. (2008)).

Summary of extracted biomedical information

Ammonia is associated with abnormalities such as Meralgia paresthetica. The involved biomedical functions are known as Force, Pressure- physical agent, Adjudication, Exhalation and pH Homeostasis. The associated genes/proteins with ammonia are EPO gene, ANP32B gene and ADRBK1 gene. Ammonia is associated with Nitrogen, Organic Chemicals, Toluene, Ammonium and Acetaldehyde.

Associated references with human 21

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Reference title

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Journal Year Authors & PubMed Link
Monitoring of breath VOCs and electrical impedance tomography under pulmonary recruitment in mechanically ventilated patients. J Breath Res 2017 B. Brock, S. Kamysek, J. Silz, P. Trefz, JK. Schubert, W. Miekisch
J Breath Res 2017 01;11(1):016005. PubMed:28068288
Recent analytical approaches to detect exhaled breath ammonia with special reference to renal patients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017 ST. Krishnan, JP. Devadhasan, S. Kim
Anal Bioanal Chem 2017 Jan;409(1):21-31. PubMed:27595582
A new measurement protocol to differentiate sources of halitosis. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2016 M. Aydin, ME. Özen, U. Kırbıyık, B. Evlice, M. Ferguson, İ. Uzel
Acta Odontol. Scand. 2016 Jul;74(5):380-4. PubMed:27167742
Quantitative analysis of volatile metabolites released in vitro by bacteria of the genus Stenotrophomonas for identification of breath biomarkers of respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis. J Breath Res 2015 V. Shestivska, K. Dryahina, J. Nunvář, K. Sovová, D. Elhottová, A. Nemec, D. Smith, P. Španěl
J Breath Res 2015 Apr;9(2):027104. PubMed:25830686
Study on the kinetic characteristics of trace harmful gases for a two-person-30-day integrated CELSS test. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015 S. Guo, W. Ai, J. Fei, G. Xu, G. Zeng, Y. Shen
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015 May;22(9):7020-4. PubMed:25483969
A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body. J Breath Res 2014 B. de Lacy Costello, A. Amann, H. Al-Kateb, C. Flynn, W. Filipiak, T. Khalid, D. Osborne, NM. Ratcliffe
J Breath Res 2014 Mar;8(1):014001. PubMed:24421258
Fast and accurate exhaled breath ammonia measurement. J Vis Exp 2014 SF. Solga, ML. Mudalel, LA. Spacek, TH. Risby
J Vis Exp 2014 Jun;(88):. PubMed:24962141
Breath analysis of ammonia, volatile organic compounds and deuterated water vapor in chronic kidney disease and during dialysis. Bioanalysis 2014 SJ. Davies, P. Španěl, D. Smith
Bioanalysis 2014 Mar;6(6):843-57. PubMed:24702114
Factors influencing breath ammonia determination. J Breath Res 2013 SF. Solga, M. Mudalel, LA. Spacek, R. Lewicki, F. Tittel, C. Loccioni, A. Russo, TH. Risby
J Breath Res 2013 Sep;7(3):037101. PubMed:23774041
Assessment of indoor airborne contamination in a wastewater treatment plant. Environ Monit Assess 2013 JV. Teixeira, S. Miranda, RA. Monteiro, FV. Lopes, J. Madureira, GV. Silva, N. Pestana, E. Pinto, VJ. Vilar, RA. Boaventura
Environ Monit Assess 2013 Jan;185(1):59-72. PubMed:22322406
Method development for determining the malodor source and pollution in industrial park. Sci. Total Environ. 2012 IF. Mao, MR. Chen, L. Wang, ML. Chen, SC. Lai, CJ. Tsai
Sci. Total Environ. 2012 Oct;437:270-5. PubMed:22944219
A selective nanosensor device for exhaled breath analysis. J Breath Res 2011 P. Gouma, A. Prasad, S. Stanacevic
J Breath Res 2011 Sep;5(3):037110. PubMed:21896971
Chemical exposure and occupational symptoms among Portuguese hairdressers. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 2011 A. Mendes, J. Madureira, P. Neves, C. Carvalhais, B. Laffon, JP. Teixeira
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 2011 ;74(15-16):993-1000. PubMed:21707424
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008 K. Frost-Pineda, BK. Zedler, Q. Liang, HJ. Roethig
Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;52(2):118-21. PubMed:18639603
Does Haber's law apply to human sensory irritation? Inhal Toxicol 2006 D. Shusterman, E. Matovinovic, A. Salmon
Inhal Toxicol 2006 Jun;18(7):457-71. PubMed:16603477
Exhaled breath condensate pH assays are not influenced by oral ammonia. Thorax 2005 K. Wells, J. Vaughan, TN. Pajewski, S. Hom, L. Ngamtrakulpanit, A. Smith, A. Nguyen, R. Turner, J. Hunt
Thorax 2005 Jan;60(1):27-31. PubMed:15618579
Exhaled breath condensate acidification in acute lung injury. Respir Med 2003 C. Gessner, S. Hammerschmidt, H. Kuhn, HJ. Seyfarth, U. Sack, L. Engelmann, J. Schauer, H. Wirtz
Respir Med 2003 Nov;97(11):1188-94. PubMed:14635972
The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification. Indoor Air 2003 M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen
Indoor Air 2003 Jun;13(2):136-47. PubMed:12756007
Comparison of nasal and oral inhalation during exhaled breath condensate collection. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003 G. Vass, E. Huszár, E. Barát, M. Valyon, D. Kiss, I. Pénzes, M. Augusztinovicz, I. Horváth
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003 Mar;167(6):850-5. PubMed:12493648
Influence of dietary protein supplements on the formation of bacterial metabolites in the colon. Gut 1997 B. Geypens, D. Claus, P. Evenepoel, M. Hiele, B. Maes, M. Peeters, P. Rutgeerts, Y. Ghoos
Gut 1997 Jul;41(1):70-6. PubMed:9274475
Age does not affect airway pH and ammonia as determined by exhaled breath measurements. Lung SM. Brooks, RR. Haight, RL. Gordon
Lung 2006 Jul-Aug;184(4):195-200. PubMed:17006745

Associated curated diseases 2

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Associated disease mapping

Mapping of all associated diseases to ammonia is displayed in red.

Heart Lung Airway Esophagus Kidney Intestine
Disease Name

with link to disease page

Description of MeSH term

with link to MeSH Database

Number of references
Asthma MeSH: Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Link to MeSH Database: D001249
91
End Stage Renal Disease MeSH: Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. Year introduced: 1967(1966)
Link to MeSH Database: D007676
1

Associated abnormalities 1

Concept Name External ID Weighted Score Hits References
Meralgia paresthetica ICD9-CM:355.1 525.74 1
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.

Associated chemicals 33

Concept Name External ID Definition Weighted Score Hits References
Nitrogen CHEBI:17997 938.85 6
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
  2. A methodology to determine gaseous emissions in a composting plant.
    E. Cadena, J. Colón, A. Sánchez, X. Font, A. Artola (2009) Waste Manag
  3. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
  4. Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale.
    C. Maulini-Duran, J. Abraham, S. Rodríguez-Pérez, A. Cerda, P. Jiménez-Peñalver, T. Gea, R. Barrena, A. Artola, X. Font, A. Sánchez (2015) Bioresour. Technol.
Ammonium 1000.0 4
  1. A methodology to determine gaseous emissions in a composting plant.
    E. Cadena, J. Colón, A. Sánchez, X. Font, A. Artola (2009) Waste Manag
  2. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
  3. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Toluene CHEBI:17578 1000.0 3
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
  2. Projection of landfill stabilization period by time series analysis of leachate quality and transformation trends of VOCs.
    B. Sizirici, B. Tansel (2010) Waste Manag
  3. Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire.
    NJ. van Belle, EM. van Putten, AC. de Groot, VJ. Meeussen, S. Banus (2010) Chemosphere
Alkalies 835.25 2
  1. Release of offensive odorants from the combustion of barbecue charcoals.
    M. Mahmudur Rahman, KH. Kim (2012) J. Hazard. Mater.
  2. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
Aldehydes CHEBI:17478 944.22 2
  1. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS).
    K. Frost-Pineda, BK. Zedler, Q. Liang, HJ. Roethig (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
  2. Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire.
    NJ. van Belle, EM. van Putten, AC. de Groot, VJ. Meeussen, S. Banus (2010) Chemosphere
Inorganic Chemicals CHEBI:24835 1000.0 2
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
  2. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Protium 813.64 2
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Acetaldehyde CHEBI:15343 1000.0 2
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
  2. Indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation of a Novel Tobacco Vapor (NTV) product.
    H. Ichitsubo, M. Kotaki (2018) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
Succinates 950.0 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
sodium sulfide 950.5 1
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
Carbonates 950.0 1
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
Nitrogen gas 950.5 1
  1. A methodology to determine gaseous emissions in a composting plant.
    E. Cadena, J. Colón, A. Sánchez, X. Font, A. Artola (2009) Waste Manag
chlorobenzene 1000.0 1
  1. Projection of landfill stabilization period by time series analysis of leachate quality and transformation trends of VOCs.
    B. Sizirici, B. Tansel (2010) Waste Manag
Chlorides 944.44 1
  1. Projection of landfill stabilization period by time series analysis of leachate quality and transformation trends of VOCs.
    B. Sizirici, B. Tansel (2010) Waste Manag
trimethylamine 1000.0 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
isovalerylaldehyde 944.44 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
pentanal 1000.0 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
ammonium hydroxide 1000.0 1
  1. Release of offensive odorants from the combustion of barbecue charcoals.
    M. Mahmudur Rahman, KH. Kim (2012) J. Hazard. Mater.
Propionic Acids 966.67 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
Sodium Hypochlorite 1000.0 1
  1. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
Complex Mixtures 960.25 1
  1. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
4-xylene 1000.0 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere
Amines CHEBI:32952 930.5 1
  1. Comparison of VOC and ammonia emissions from individual PVC materials, adhesives and from complete structures.
    H. Järnström, K. Saarela, P. Kalliokoski, AL. Pasanen (2008) Environ Int
Ketones CHEBI:17087 1000.0 1
  1. Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire.
    NJ. van Belle, EM. van Putten, AC. de Groot, VJ. Meeussen, S. Banus (2010) Chemosphere
Ammonia nitrogen 1000.0 1
  1. Characteristics and risks of secondary pollutants generation during compression and transfer of municipal solid waste in Shanghai.
    X. Wang, B. Xie, D. Wu, M. Hassan, C. Huang (2015) Waste Manag
Methane 1000.0 1
  1. Projection of landfill stabilization period by time series analysis of leachate quality and transformation trends of VOCs.
    B. Sizirici, B. Tansel (2010) Waste Manag
Carbon CHEBI:33415 934.75 1
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
solanesol 811.5 1
  1. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS).
    K. Frost-Pineda, BK. Zedler, Q. Liang, HJ. Roethig (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
Propylene Glycols 970.59 1
  1. Indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation of a Novel Tobacco Vapor (NTV) product.
    H. Ichitsubo, M. Kotaki (2018) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
Nitrogen Oxides 1000.0 1
  1. Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire.
    NJ. van Belle, EM. van Putten, AC. de Groot, VJ. Meeussen, S. Banus (2010) Chemosphere
4-cresol CHEBI:17847 1000.0 1
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Phenols CHEBI:33853 928.57 1
  1. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
butyraldehyde 1000.0 1
  1. Offensive odorants released from stormwater catch basins (SCB) in an urban area.
    E. Kabir, KH. Kim, JW. Ahn, OF. Hong, YS. Chang (2010) Chemosphere

Associated functions 17

Concept Name External ID Definition Weighted Score Hits References
Force 915.75 3
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Pressure- physical agent 592.67 3
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Adjudication 1000.0 2
  1. A methodology to determine gaseous emissions in a composting plant.
    E. Cadena, J. Colón, A. Sánchez, X. Font, A. Artola (2009) Waste Manag
  2. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
Exhalation 798.75 2
  1. Indoor air quality (IAQ) evaluation of a Novel Tobacco Vapor (NTV) product.
    H. Ichitsubo, M. Kotaki (2018) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
pH Homeostasis 1000.0 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
Adaptation 944.0 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
Transcription, Genetic 795.45 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
Proton-Motive Force 1000.0 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
Reception 950.5 1
  1. A methodology to determine gaseous emissions in a composting plant.
    E. Cadena, J. Colón, A. Sánchez, X. Font, A. Artola (2009) Waste Manag
functional group 957.25 1
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere
Recurrence 797.0 1
  1. The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification.
    M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen (2003) Indoor Air
Leak NOS 795.5 1
  1. Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant.
    AI. Moreno, N. Arnáiz, R. Font, A. Carratalá (2014) Waste Manag
Eutrophication 1000.0 1
  1. Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale.
    C. Maulini-Duran, J. Abraham, S. Rodríguez-Pérez, A. Cerda, P. Jiménez-Peñalver, T. Gea, R. Barrena, A. Artola, X. Font, A. Sánchez (2015) Bioresour. Technol.
Impacts, Environmental 977.27 1
  1. Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale.
    C. Maulini-Duran, J. Abraham, S. Rodríguez-Pérez, A. Cerda, P. Jiménez-Peñalver, T. Gea, R. Barrena, A. Artola, X. Font, A. Sánchez (2015) Bioresour. Technol.
acidification 1000.0 1
  1. Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale.
    C. Maulini-Duran, J. Abraham, S. Rodríguez-Pérez, A. Cerda, P. Jiménez-Peñalver, T. Gea, R. Barrena, A. Artola, X. Font, A. Sánchez (2015) Bioresour. Technol.
Reflux 925.5 1
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.
inhibitors 926.5 1
  1. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent.
    AT. Ukwuani, W. Tao (2016) Water Res.

Associated genes 3

Concept Name External ID Definition Weighted Score Hits References
EPO gene EntrezGene:2056 694.0 1
  1. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS).
    K. Frost-Pineda, BK. Zedler, Q. Liang, HJ. Roethig (2008) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
ANP32B gene EntrezGene:10541 657.77 1
  1. Projection of landfill stabilization period by time series analysis of leachate quality and transformation trends of VOCs.
    B. Sizirici, B. Tansel (2010) Waste Manag
ADRBK1 gene EntrezGene:156 612.32 1
  1. Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration.
    F. Gaudin, Y. Andres, P. Le Cloirec (2008) Chemosphere

Chemical Information

Formula H3N
Mass 17.031
Synonyms ammonia
Ammonia gas
azane
7664-41-7
Spirit of hartshorn
Nitro-sil
Ammoniakgas
Ammonia anhydrous
Anhydrous ammonia
Ammonia, anhydrous
Ammoniak
AM-Fol
Liquid Ammonia
Ammoniak Kconzentrierter
Amoniak [Polish]
Ammoniac [French]
Ammoniak [German]
ammoniac
Ammoniaca [Italian]
Caswell No. 041
PubChem CID 222