Ammonia
Description
Description of ammonia with associated disease summary
Ammonia is an important indicator of asthma and kidney failure. The ammonia
can be produced from glutamine in a reaction catalyzed by glutaminase (Int Arch Allergy Immunol.
(2012), Allergy. (2005)).
It is hypothesized that the production of ammonia can buffer the acid challenge
and maintain the pH homeostasis in airway. Cytokines such a
s interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
produced by inflammatory reaction in asthma patient can downregulate
the activity of glutaminase and therefore reduce the ammonia production. The
EBC ammonia concentration in asthma patient is significantly lower than the
healthy control (Int Arch
Allergy Immunol. (2012), Allergy. (2005)).
In addition, the EBC ammonia can reflect the healthy status of
kidney. Both ammonia and ammonium can penetrate the blood-lung barrier.
Patients with kidney failure cannot convert urea into urine by kidneys and then
the urea may be reversely converted into ammonia and ammonium therefore their EBC
ammonia concentrations are higher than the healthy controls. (Eur J Clin Invest. (2008))
Description of disease(s) related to ammonia:
Asthma
Two studies using spectrophotometric method shows that the EBC ammonia concentrations in asthma patients are lower than the healthy controls (Int Arch Allergy Immunol. (2012), Allergy. (2005))Chronic Kidney Failure
One study using spectrophotometric method shows that the EBC ammonia concentrations in kidney failure patients are higher than the healthy controls (Eur J Clin Invest. (2008)).Summary of extracted biomedical information
Ammonia is associated with abnormalities such as Meralgia paresthetica. The involved biomedical functions are known as Force, Pressure- physical agent, Adjudication, Exhalation and pH Homeostasis. The associated genes/proteins with ammonia are EPO gene, ANP32B gene and ADRBK1 gene. Ammonia is associated with Nitrogen, Organic Chemicals, Toluene, Ammonium and Acetaldehyde.Associated references with human 21
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Reference title
with link to reference page |
Journal | Year | Authors & PubMed Link |
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Monitoring of breath VOCs and electrical impedance tomography under pulmonary recruitment in mechanically ventilated patients. | J Breath Res | 2017 |
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Fast and accurate exhaled breath ammonia measurement. | J Vis Exp | 2014 |
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SJ. Davies, P. Španěl, D. Smith
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Factors influencing breath ammonia determination. | J Breath Res | 2013 |
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D. Shusterman, E. Matovinovic, A. Salmon
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Exhaled breath condensate pH assays are not influenced by oral ammonia. | Thorax | 2005 |
K. Wells, J. Vaughan, TN. Pajewski, S. Hom, L. Ngamtrakulpanit, A. Smith, A. Nguyen, R. Turner, J. Hunt
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The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification. | Indoor Air | 2003 |
M. Tuomainen, A. Tuomainen, J. Liesivuori, AL. Pasanen
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Associated curated diseases 2
Download diseasesAssociated disease mapping
Mapping of all associated diseases to ammonia is displayed in red.
Disease Name
with link to disease page |
Description of MeSH term
with link to MeSH Database |
Number of references |
---|---|---|
Asthma |
MeSH:
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and
intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of
airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Link to MeSH Database: D001249
|
91 |
End Stage Renal Disease |
MeSH:
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the
reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney
Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients
generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
Year introduced: 1967(1966)
Link to MeSH Database: D007676
|
1 |
Associated abnormalities 1
Concept Name | External ID | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
Meralgia paresthetica | ICD9-CM:355.1 | 525.74 | 1 |
|
Associated chemicals 33
Associated functions 17
Associated genes 3
Concept Name | External ID | Definition | Weighted Score | Hits | References | |
EPO gene | EntrezGene:2056 | 694.0 | 1 |
|
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ANP32B gene | EntrezGene:10541 | 657.77 | 1 |
|
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ADRBK1 gene | EntrezGene:156 | 612.32 | 1 |
|
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
Chemical Information
Formula | H3N |
Mass | 17.031 |
Synonyms | ammonia Ammonia gas azane 7664-41-7 Spirit of hartshorn Nitro-sil Ammoniakgas Ammonia anhydrous Anhydrous ammonia Ammonia, anhydrous Ammoniak AM-Fol Liquid Ammonia Ammoniak Kconzentrierter Amoniak [Polish] Ammoniac [French] Ammoniak [German] ammoniac Ammoniaca [Italian] Caswell No. 041 |
PubChem CID | 222 |